Medication which helps to stabilise mood (e.g. Lithium) is the first line of treatment for the acute phases of bipolar disorder (mania and hypomania), as well as relapse prevention. However, we now know that providing psychological support and intervention alongside treatment with prescribed medication, improves treatment outcomes. Psychological approaches which research has found to be effective are:
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a type of psychotherapy which helps people with bipolar disorder prepare for and respond appropriately and effectively to circumstances which might trigger a manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode. For example, for some people with bipolar disorder, stress or lack of sleep can act as a trigger, and so learning ways to manage stress and to improve sleep can help prevent an episode. This type of therapy also equips individuals with the skills and strategies needed to modify unhelpful thoughts, feelings and behaviours so they can better cope with their symptoms and gain more control over their lives.
Family-Focused Therapy (FFT)
FFT involves the person and their caregivers (parents or spouse) in communication and problem-solving training. It grows out of the strong evidence that criticism and hostility in families are a risk for relapse in people with schizophrenia and mood disorders.
Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)
IPSRT helps people with mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder, to develop skills and techniques to cope with life stressors, maintain regular daily routines (e.g., healthy sleep patterns), manage important relationships, and to take medication as prescribed.
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation aims to provide individuals and families with important information about bipolar disorder to improve illness awareness, help with picking up on early signs of the disorder, and empower them to cope with their symptoms. Psychoeducation is a component of all evidence-based psychological interventions, including those mentioned above.