While there is no single known cause of anxiety disorders, there are a number of risk factors or triggers that may contribute. These differ between the anxiety disorders but in general, the following factors may play a role.
Genes
Certain anxiety disorders appear to have a genetic component that may put some individuals at higher risk of developing problems.
Biology
Some anxiety disorders might have a basis in how the brain processes and responds to stress and physical arousal, and how the body releases stress hormones such as cortisol.
Thinking style
Patterns of thinking characterised by anticipating the worst, persistent negative self-talk, and difficulty accepting uncertainty as well as low self-esteem are often linked to anxiety. Sensitivity to one’s body’s physical responses, such as increased heart rate, and misinterpreting these physical symptoms as indicating something catastrophic might also increase the risk of developing certain anxiety disorders.
Coping strategies
Unhelpful coping strategies, such as a tendency to avoid situations that trigger anxiety, rather than facing such situations, can result in an increase of an anxious symptoms.
Stressful life events
Stressful events such as a marriage breakdown, work or school deadlines, and financial hardship can act as triggers for the development of an anxiety disorder. Early life stress and trauma can also increase the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder later in life.