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Key points

  • Racism refers to systematic assumptions that certain groups are superior to others, based on cultural differences in values, norms and behaviours.
  • Racism results in those considered inferior being treated less favourably in multiple ways. They may experience unequal opportunities, and fewer benefits and resources available to the wider community.
  • Racism is pervasive. It reflects deeply rooted historical, social, cultural and power inequalities in society. It involves the systematic use of power or authority to treat others unjustly.
  • Institutionalised racism is deeply entrenched and largely invisible. It affects groups as well as individuals.
  • Racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance have been shown to arise from learned attitudes and behaviours. These can be challenged and changed.
  • People can reject long-held stereotypes and avoid prejudiced attitudes and behaviours.
  • The expression of racism and prejudice has changed in recent decades from overt to more subtle forms. Yet there is strong evidence to suggest that it is still prevalent in Australia.

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